POLITICAL EDUCATION, CONSERVATIVE ANALYSIS
POLITICS, SOCIETY, & THE SOVEREIGN STATE
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"The Progressive Conservative, USA"
Index
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THE PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE, USA:
An Online Journal of
Political Commentary & Analysis
Conservative & Free Market Analysis of Government, Politics & Public Policy, Covering Political, Legal, Constitutional, Economic,
Cultural, Military, International, Strategic, & Geopolitical Issues
THE PROGRESSIVE CONSERVATIVE, USA -- KEY LINKS:
SUBJECT MATTER HIGHLIGHTS
(LINKS TO ALL PC ARTICLES)
PUBLIC ISSUES & POLITICAL CONTROVERSIES
(LINKS TO ISSUE/CONTROVERSY CATEGORIES)
ARCHIVES:
Volume X, 2008
Volume IX, 2007
Volume VIII, 2006
Volume VII, 2005
Volume VI, 2004
Volume V, 2003
Volume IV, 2002
Volume III, 2001
Volumes I & II, 1998-2000
READERS' VIEWS:
Email
INFORMATION ABOUT:
The Journal
The Editor
The Editor's Political Philosophy
Comments from Readers Welcome
Government Committed to & Acting in Accord with Conservative Principles
Ensures a Nation's Strength, Progress, & Prosperity
CYBERLAND UNIVERSITY OF NORTH AMERICA
Political Science; the American System of Government; American National Government & Politics; Descriptive Analysis of Political
Culture, Government, Politics & Political Systems; Comparative Analysis of Constitutional Democracy & Authoritarian Dictatorship, British &
American Constitutional Democracy, Parliamentary & Presidential Systems, Majoritarian & Consensus Democracy, Parliamentary Supremacy &
Judicial Review; American Constitutional & Political History; English Constitutional & Political History
TESTS & EXAMINATIONS: GOVERNMENT & POLITICAL SCIENCE
MULTIPLE-RESPONSE TEST & EXAMINATION EXERCISES
THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE FOUND ON --
Civil Service Examinations, National Teacher Examinations,
State Teacher Competency Tests, College Entrance Exams,
Graduate Record Exams, Law School Entrance Exams, &
Political Science Course Tests & Examinations --
With Answers
POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, & HISTORY:
Lectures
Politics, Government, Political Power, Political Competition, Political Regimes, Constitutional Democracy, Constitutionalism, Dictatorship,
Representative Democracy, Direct Democracy, Political Culture, British & American Governmental Systems, Constitutional Monarchy,
Constitutional Republic, Parliamentary System, Presidential System, Majoritarian Democracy, Consensus Democracy, Parliamentary
Supremacy, Judicial Review, American Constitutional & Political History, English Constitutional & Political History, English Origins of &
Antecedents to the American Constitutional System, Political Philosophy & Political Ideologies, Systems of Political Thought, Conservatism
& Liberalism, History & Evolution of Conservatism, Varieties of Conservatism, British & American Conservatism, West European, Russian &
Japanese Conservatism, Varieties of Liberalism, Classical Liberalism, Intellectual Foundations of Classical Liberalism
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY & POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES:
COMPETING SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL THOUGHT
CONSERVATISM
Traditional Conservatism: Questions & Answers
Conservatism: Attitudes, Types, & Present Status
Constitutional Conservatism: American & British
LIBERALISM
Classical Liberalism: Intellectual Foundations
Classical Liberalism: Conservative Liberalism
Manchester Liberalism & Social Darwinism
Modern Social "Liberalism": Statist "Liberalism"
RADICAL & TOTALITARIAN IDEOLOGIES
Radicalism, Utopianism, & Totalitarianism
Conservatism & Liberalism, Conservative Attitudes, History & Evolution of Conservatism, Varieties of Conservatism, Traditional
Conservatism, Constitutional Conservatism, British & American Conservatism, Burkean Conservatism, Edmund Burke, Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
William Wentworth, James Otis, James Madison, John Adams, the American Founding Fathers, the United States Constitution, Conservatism
in the 20th. & 21th Centuries, Contemporary British & American Conservatism, West European, Russian & Japanese Conservatism, Liberalism,
Classical Liberalism, Conservative Liberalism, Different Approaches to Liberalism, Doctrinaire & Ideological Liberalism, Classical Liberalism as a
Realistic Alternative, Individual Freedom, Individual Choice, the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Smith, David Hume, Frank Knight, Jacob Viner,
Walter Eucken, Wilhelm Ropke, F.A. Hayek, Freedom & Order, Liberalism's Psychological Assumptions, Liberalism's Economic Framework,
Political Freedoms, Economic Freedoms, the Free Market Economy, the Spantaneous Order and the Law, the Rule of Law, Justice, Liberty under
the Law, the Role of Government, Major Functions of Government, Democracy & Limited Government, the Legitimate Powers of Government,
Nation-States & the International Economic Order, Manchester Liberalism, Social Darwinism, Libertarianism, Laissez-faire Ideology, Modern
Social "Liberalism," Statist "Liberalism," Radical & Totalitarian Ideologies, Radicalism, Utopianism, Totalitarianism
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Constitutionalism, Limited Government, the Rule of Law, Constitutional Limitations on Governmental Power, Constitutional Rights &
Liberties, Liberty under the Law, the U.S. Constitution, the U.S. Courts, the U.S. Supreme Court, Theories of Constitutional Interpretation,
Judicial Activism, Judicial Restraint, Judicial Adherence to the Text of America's Basic Law, Original Intent of the American Founding Fathers,
Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Appointment of Federal Judges, the President & the War Powers, Impeachment Proceedings, U.S. Citizenship
& the Fourteenth Amerdment, the Political Philosophy Underlying the U.S. Constitution, James Madison, Social Contract Theory, John Locke,
Thomas Jefferson, Conservatism, Classical Liberalism, Modern Social Liberalism
FOUNDING DOCUMENTS OF THE AMERICAN REPUBLIC
Declaration of Independence
American Political Philosophy, Self-Evident Truths, Purpose of Government, Just Powers of Government, Legitimate Political Authority,
Government Based on the Consent of the Governed, Source of Liberty, Inalienable Rights, Right to Life, Right to Liberty, Right to Pursuit of
Happiness, Right of Resort to Revolution.
Articles of Confederation & Perpetual Union
America's First National Constitution, Confederated Union of States, Nature & Purpose of the Union, Confederation Congress, Legislative
Unicameralism, Representation of the States in Congress, Powers of Congress, Enactment of National Legislation, Enforcement of National
Legislation, Making Treaties, Constitutional Amendments, Rights & Powers of the States, State Sovereignty
Constitution of the United States of America
America's Second National Constitution, Purposes of the U.S. Constitution, Legislative Branch of the U.S, National Government, National
Legislative Power, Separation of Powers, Checks & Balances, Legislative Bicameralism, U.S. House of Representatives, U.S. Senate, Legislative
Representation, Congressional Elections, Terms of Representatives & Senators, National Legislative Process, Powers of Congress, Powers
Denied to Congress, Reserved Powers of the States, Powers Denied to the States, Executive Branch of the U.S. National Government, Nature &
Scope of Presidential Power, Powers & Duties of the President, Election of the President, Electoral College, Presidential Terms, Judicial Branch of
the U.S. National Government, Judicial Power, Jurisdiction of the U.S. Courts, Selection of Federal Judges, Judicial Tenure, Interstate Relations,
Constitutional Amendments, Supreme Law of the Land, Constitutional Rights & Liberties, Right to Vote
AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WITH COMMENTARY & ANNOTATIONS
U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Interpreting the U.S. Constitution; American Federalism; Constitutional Division of Governing
Authority between the National Government & the States; National Authority under the U.S. Constitution; Powers of the U.S.
Congress; Enumerated Powers; Implied Powers; Inherent Powers; Powers & Duties of the American President; War Powers; Power to
Make & Enforce American Foreign Policy; Treaty-Making Power; National Security; Internal Security; Powers of the U.S. Courts;
Power of the Supreme Court to Interpret the U.S. Constitution; the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review; State Autonomy; Authority
of the States under the U.S. Constitution; Reserved Powers of the States; State Police Power; Concurrent Powers; Separation of Powers in
the National Government; Legislative, Executive, & Judicial Branches of Government; Checks & Balances; Individual Rights; Civil Liberties;
Due Process of Law; Criminal Court Procedure; Equal Protection of the Laws; Private Property Rights & Eminent Domain; Religious Liberty
& Political Rights
POLITICAL THEORY UNDERLYING THE CONSTITUTION
OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Selected Essays From
The Federalist
Editor's Note & Introduction
Federalist 10 (James Madison)
Federalist 47 (James
Madison)
Federalist 48 (James Madison)
Federalist 51 (James
Madison)
Federalist 71 (Alexander Hamilton)
Federalist 78
(Alexander Hamilton)
AMERICAN LAW & THE AMERICAN COURTS
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Legal Issies & America's Judiciary: Law, Lawyers, & the Courts
Judicial Appointments: Selection of U.S. Federal Judges
Crime & Punishment: Criminal Justice Policy
America's Legal & Judicial System, the Judicial Function, the U.S. Courts & Judicial Independence, Judicial Interpretation & Application
of the Law, Judicial Interpretation & Application of the Constitution, Theories of Constitutional Interpretation, Judicial Activism & Judicial
Restraint, Constitutional Limitations on Judicial Authority, the Courts' Accountability for Their Official Actions & Decisions, the Judicial
Selection Process, Presidential Nomination of Federal Judges, Senate Confirmation or Rejection of Presidential Nominations & the Criteria
Senators Should Use, Political Ideology & the Appointment of Federal Judges, Political Partisanship in the Judicial Selection Process, Use &
Abuse of the Senate Filibuster in Controversies over Judicial Nominations, Corruption & Abuse in the Legal & Judicial System, Frivolous
Lawsuits & Erroneous Judicial Decisions, Judicial Watch & the Effort to Clean up the Legal & Judicial System, Crime & Due Process of Law,
the Criminal Justice Process, Crime, Punishment & Rehabilitation, the Problem of Recidivism, Deterring Criminal Behavior, Capital Crimes &
Capital Punishment, Legal moves in Waging the Anti-Terrorist War Against Enemy Agents & Supporters Inside the U.S.A.
THE AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
ENGLISH ORIGINS & ANTECEDENTS
Introduction
English Constitutional & Political Development:
1066-1558
Political Developments During the Reign of Elizabeth I:
1558-1603
The English Revolution & the Constitutional Settlement:
1603-1701
The English/British Governmental System
of the Eighteenth Century
English Origins of the American Constitutional System:
Summary & Conclusion
COLONIAL & AMERICAN ANTECEDENTS
The U.S. Constitution: Colonial & Early American Antecedents
The Federal Constitutional Convention of 1787
The U.S. Constitution: Ratification & Adoption
The U.S. Constitution: The Scheme of National Government
PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS
Constitutionalism, Republicanism, Separation of Powers,
Checks & Balances, Strict Legislative Bicameralism,
& Balanced Government
Federalism: A Closely-Knit Union of States, a Powerful Central
Government, & a Substantial Degree of State Autonomy
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT: THE U.S. PRESIDENCY
PRESIDENTIAL POLITICS & LEADERSHIP
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
The Presidency & National Leadership, the President & the U.S. Constitution, the President as National Chief Executive, the President's
Role in National Public Policy Development & Implementation, the President as Commander-in-Chief, the President's War Powers, the President
as Military Leader, the President as Chief Diplomat & Foreign Policy Leader, the President as Domestic Public Policy Leader, the President &
Congress, the President & the U.S. Courts, Presidential Election Politics, the President as Leader of His Political Party
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Congressional Politics, Congressional Elections, Congress & the U.S. Constitution, the Powers of Congress, Congress & National Public
Public Policy, Congress & the National Legislative Process, Congress & the President, Congress & the Federal Bureaucracy, Congressional
Committees & Congressional Oversight of the Execution of the Federal Laws, Congress & the U.S. Courts, the Role of the U.S. Senate in the
Selection of Federal Judges, Senate Confirmation or Rejection of Presidential Nominations, Use & Abuse of the Senate Filibuster, the Role of
Congress in the War on Terrorism, the Investigatory Power of Congress, the Power of Congress to Investigate Subversive Political Conspiracies
& Other Activities Endangering Homeland Security or the Morale & Effectiveness of the U.S. Armed Forces or U.S. Intelligence &
Counterterrorism Agencies
AMERICAN POLITICS & POLITICAL COMPETITION
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Elections, PACs, & Political Parties
Conservatism Versus Liberalism
Liberals, Statists, Socialists, & Other Leftists
The News Media & Political Bias
Ethnic & Racial Politics
Partisan Politics, Presidential Politics, Presidential Elections, Congressional Politics, Congressional Elections, Primary Elections, General
Elections, Republicans & Democrats, Republican & Democratic Party National Conventions, Third Parties, Conservatives & Liberals, Political
Right & Political Left, Ideological Conflict, Political Activism, Political Action Committees, Interest Groups, Public Opinion Polls, Government
Regulation of Election Campaign Finance, Political Principles & Political Oppontunism, the Political Bias & Slanted News Coverage of the
Mainstream Mass Media, Race & Ethnicity in American Politics
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT, POLITICS, & PUBLIC POLICY
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Immigration Policy & Control of America's Borders
Energy, Environment, & Natural Resources
Economic Policy: Government & the Economy
Fiscal Policy: Taxation & Government Spending
Social Welfare Policy: The Modern Welfare State
Education & America's Schools
Massive & Uncontrolled Immigration, America's Porous Borders, Steady & Growing Influx of Illegal Aliens, Impact on the Economy &
Employment, Problems of Law Enforcement, Threat to Homeland Security, Assimilation Problems, Impact on America's National Identity &
Culture, Ethnic Politics, Latino/Hispanic Separatism, American National Loyalty & the Problem of Chicano Disloyalty, the Issue of Amnesty
for Illegal Aliens in the U.S.A., Immigration Politics in the U.S.A., Environmentalism Versus Private Enterprise & Sound Economic Growth,
Radical Environmentalists, Animal Rights Extremists & Eco-Terrorists, Impact of Taxation & Other Governmental Policies on Economic Growth
& Prosperity, Public Budgeting at the National Governmental Level, Public Assistance Programs for Low-Income Groups, Economic
Redistribution, Free Enterprise Capitalism Versus Statism & Socialism, Elementary & Secondary Education in the U.S.A., the History, Civics, &
Social Studies Curricula in the Public Schools, Teaching an Appresiation for the American Nation & Its Constitutional Democratic Republican
System of Governance and for Judeo-Christian Western Civilization as a Whole
The President's Report to Congress on a
New National Security Doctrine
for the U.S.A.
By President George W. Bush
September 20, 2002
International Relations, Military & Diplomatic Strategy, Political Warfare, Fundamental Values & Beliefs, Political & Economic Freedom,
Championing Human Dignity, Global Terrorism, Regional Conflicts, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Global Economic Growth, Free Markets
& Free trade, Circle of Development, Infrastructure of Democracy, Main Centers of Global Power, National Security Institutions, Challenges
& Opportunities of the 21st. Century
MILITARY DEFENSE, MILITARY WEAPONRY,
& SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
U.S. Military Defense & National Security
Military Weaponry & International Security
The U.S. Armed Forces, America's Military Strength & Preparedness, Missile Defense Programs, the Strategic Defense Initiative, the
Proposed Missile Defense System for North America, Military Defense & Congressional Funding, U.S. Fiscal Policy & National Defense, the
U.S. Defense Budget, U.S. Intelligence & Military Defense, Intelligence Failures & National Security Breaches, Leakage of American Military &
Technological Secrets, Weapons of Mass Destruction, the Problem of Rogue States & Weapons of Mass Destruction, the Threat to
International Peace & Security, Weapons of Mass Destruction & Arms Control
IRAQ AS A CASE HISTORY
Political Regime of Saddam Hussein, Hussein's Evil Designs, Nuclear Weapons Program, Chemical Warfare Program, Biological Warfare
Program, Ballistic Missile Program, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Program, Other Aircraft, Procurement in Support of Weapons of Mass Destruction
Programs
U.S. FOREIGN POLICY & NATIONAL SECURITY:
THE MIDDLE EAST -- IRAQ
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Page Two -- More Recent Articles
Page One -- Earlier Articles
Problems With Iraq, the Iraqi Political Regime, Saddam Hussein's Evil Designs, Collaboration with Interna- tional Terrorists, Saddam
Hussein & Osama bin Laden, Weapons of Mass Destruction, Chemical, Biological & Nuclear Weapons Programs, the Demand for Iraqi
Disarmament, United Nations Resolution 1441, UN Weapons Inspections, Failure of Iraq to Disarm, Authority of the U.S. Prersident to Initiate
Military Action Against Iraq, U.S. & Allied Military Invasion & Occupation of Iraq, Restoring Order in Iraq, Reform & Reconstruction Efforts,
Baathist & Islamist Insurgency, Guerrilla Warfare
U.S. FOREIGN & MILITARY POLICY -- IRAQ
NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR VICTORY IN IRAQ
Helping the Iraqi People Defeat the Terrorists & Neutralize the Insurgency; Iraq as the Central Front in the Global War on Terrorism;
Victory in Iraq as a Vital & Compelling U.S. National Interest; the Nature, Goals, & Strategy of the Enemy; Political, Security, & Economic
Dimensions of America's Strategy for Victory over the Enemy; Helping the Iraqis Build a Stable & Secure Constitutional Democratic State;
Promoting Civil Liberties & the Rule of Law in Iraq; Helping Iraq Strengthen its Economy Through Pro-Market Oriented Reform & Private
Sector Economic Growth
FOREIGN AFFAIRS -- THE MIDDLE EAST -- ISRAEL:
THE ISRAELI-ARAB CONFLICT
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Israeli History, the State of Israel, Palestinian Arabs & the Palestinian Problem, the Palestinian Authority, Gaza, the West Bank, Yasser
Arafat, Palestine Liberation Ortganization, Palestinian Terrorism, Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade, Hamas, Hizbullah, Al-Manar, Israeli Defense
Policy, the Right of the State of Israel to Defend Itself, Israel & the Arab States, the "Roadmap to Peace," the Koran as the Palestinians'
Roadmap to War, Palestinian Refugees & the Unlimited "Right of Return" to Israel, Israel's View of Appeasement, Israel & the U.S.A., Israel
& Turkey, Israel & the European Nations
U.S. Intelligence Agencies, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security,
Human Intelligence, Technical Intelligence, Information Technology, Information Collection & Analysis, Counterintelligence, the Terrorist
Threat Integration Center, Intelligence Community Capabilities
U.S. Intelligence Agencies & Processes, Intelligence & Counterterrorism, Intelligence & Homeland Secu- rity, Capabilities & Performance,
Training Programs, Intelligence Collection & Analysis, Information Sharing & Technology, Human Intelligence, Terrorism Prevention Mission,
Signals Intelligence, CIA, FBI, National Security Anency, Department of Homeland Security, Congressional Oversight of the U.S. Govern- ment
Intelligence Activities
ISLAMIC TERRORIST ATTACKS AGAINST
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The Joint Congressional Inquiry
Into 9-11
Militant Islam & Terrorism, Jihadists, Osama bin Laden, Al-Qa'ida & Other Terrorist Groups, the Interna- tional Terrorist Network,
Recruitment & Training of Terrorists, Organization & Leadership of Terrorist Forces, Planning & Execution of Terrorist Missions, Funding
Terrorism, Terrorist Attacks on the U.S.A. & U.S. Interests, Counterterrorism, America's Homeland Defense & Security, U.S. Intelligence,
U.S. Law En- forcement, U.S. military action, U.S. Covert Action, Budgeting & Resource Allocation for U.S. Counterter- rorist & Homeland-
Defense Activities
ISLAMIC INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM:
AMERICA, WESTERN CIVILIZATION, &
THE THREAT OF RADICAL ISLAM
Selected Articles From
The Progressive Conservative, USA
Page Three -- Most Recent Articles
Page Two -- Earlier Articles
Page One -- Earliest Articles
Political Islam, the Dark Side of Islam, a Warrior Religion, a Fanatical & Implacable Enemy of the U.S.A. & the West, Militant Islam's
Terrorist War Against the Judeo-Christian West, Jihad, the International Terrorist Network, Osama bin Laden & Al-Qa'ida, Jihadist Manifesto
& the Islamist Declaration of War, Wahhabism & the Saudi Connection, Saddam Hussein's Evil Designs & the Iraqi Connection, Terrorist Attacks on the U.S.A. & the War on Terrorism, the Islamic Terrorist Enemy Operating Inside the U.S.A., the Threat to U.S. Internal Security & Public Safety, Illegal Mass Immigration as a Complicating Factor
RADICAL ISLAM, INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM,
& AMERICAN HOMELAND SECURITY